X-rays Characteristic X-Rays Characteristic are emitted from heavy elements when their electrons make transitions between the lower atomic energy levels. The continuous spectrum depends on applied potential difference, current flowing in the filament and atomic number of target. These intense lines depends on the metal used as target and these are called characteristic X-Rays. When we study X-Rays from a target it is observed to be a continuous spectrum with intense lines. Thus, ν=E/h and for high energies, wavelength of the radiation is short and is of the order of 10 -8cm for X-Rays. If E is the change in energy when electron moves from L-shell to K-shell then, E=hν where h is the plank's constant and ν is the frequency of radiation. If an electron from L-shell now moves to vacancy in K-shell, the energy of atom is decreased and simultaneously there is emission of radiation. Tungsten) an electron may be ejected from innermost K-shell, the atom then is in exited state and is unstable. When energetic electrons bombard atoms in a metal target (for ex.
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